Water Politics and Social Mobility in Northern Pakistan: A Geopolitical Perspective

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between water resource management and social mobility in Northern Pakistan, with a focus on the geopolitical and environmental context. The region's hydrology, influenced by the Indus River system and Himalayan glaciers, is vital for local livelihoods and economic development. The cyclical water flow plays a central role in sustaining agriculture and infrastructure. This study analyzes the impact of major infrastructure projects like the Diamer Bhasha Dam and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, alongside indigenous practices such as the Karez irrigation system. It also reviews regional water governance frameworks and climate data. While connectivity and irrigation improvements foster resilience, transboundary disputes and climate-induced water scarcity aggravate social inequalities due to inequitable water access. The study advocates for sustainable water governance through community participation, integration of traditional and modern water management techniques, and enhanced regional cooperation to promote socio-economic development and stability.