Journal of Development and Social Sciences

Identifying Basic Sign Language Communication Abilities among Hearing Students to Communicate with their Deaf Peers at University Level

2024-07-26T12:20:53+05:00

The aim of this study was to identify the basic skills of Pakistan Sign Language (PSL) among university students who communicate with hearing impaired fellows in an inclusive environment and face troubles. The hearing students face communication barriers in inclusive environment to communicate with hearing impaired peers. A survey method of quantitative type of research was used to conduct this study. The population of this study was hearing students at university level who studying with hearing impaired students in inclusive environment and the sample comprised of 100 hearing students. The researchers employed random sampling technique to conduct this study. Data was collected through self-developed three point Likert scale and Cronbach’s Alpha value was noted α=.803. The main findings of this study were that majority of the respondents were not well acquainted with PSL due to which they could not communicate with their deaf class mates. The study was limited to only two universities due to the availability of inclusive learning environments. The researchers recommended that Pakistan Sign Language should be taught to a larger population to facilitate communication with hearing impaired students.

Optimizing Pedestrian Safety: A Spatial Analysis Approach to Grade-Separated Pedestrian Crossings in Haripur City, Pakistan

2024-07-26T16:45:23+05:00

This study aims to explore the application of spatial analysis to identify optimal locations for Grade-Separated Pedestrian Crossings (GSPCs) to improve pedestrian safety. The rise of motorized vehicles has increased dependency on automobiles and reduced pedestrian activities. Despite walking's resurgence due to health benefits, pedestrian safety remains critical, with pedestrians accounting for 50% of road fatalities in Pakistan. Hazardous road-crossing behaviors necessitate effective planning and design of pedestrian infrastructure. This study employs spatial analysis, incorporating global and local radius analyses of vehicular and pedestrian dynamics. This method integrates data on pedestrian safety and vehicular movement, proving objective results compared to the traditional survey methods. Spatial analysis identified optimal locations for GSPCs, providing a framework for enhancing pedestrian safety and optimizing GSPC placement. Meticulous planning is crucial to prevent underutilization and ensure cost-effectiveness. This approach may be extended to other urban areas to enhance pedestrian infrastructure.

Empowering Women’s Educational Journeys: Navigating Challenges in Pursuit of Higher Education in Dera Ghazi Khan

2024-07-31T17:49:47+05:00

The present study examined the challenges faced by female students in accessing higher education in Dera Ghazi Khan, a marginalised region in Punjab, Pakistan. In such underprivileged areas, women encounter significant barriers, including social, cultural, financial, gender-related, and infrastructural impediments. Employing a mixed-methods research approach, we surveyed 450 students and conducted interviews with 13 teachers from female colleges in Dera Ghazi Khan, selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Quantitative analysis revealed that early marriage, traditional customs, restricted mobility, rural living, and economic constraints significantly obstruct female education. Thematic analysis of teacher interviews highlighted societal norms and the perception of female education as less valuable than male education. Additional challenges include a shortage of educational institutions and teachers, transportation issues, and a lack of awareness about higher education opportunities. The study recommends increasing scholarships, improving transportation, creating job opportunities, and raising awareness to enhance female education in the region.

A Psychological Anatomy of English Language Use by Both the Genders

2024-08-02T19:26:37+05:00

Societal expectations regarding language proficiency differ between genders, with a prevailing belief associating assertiveness more strongly with English fluency in females. This highlights a nuanced gender dynamic where language skills play a crucial role in shaping societal perceptions of competency, authority, assertiveness, and independence, particularly for women in Pakistan. Quantitative method has been used in this study to gather data from the students. The research investigates the impact of English on gender-specific language practices, revealing the perceived value of English proficiency for males rooted in gender stereotypes. This notion holds implications for educational and professional opportunities, necessitating cultural shifts to foster a more inclusive understanding of language proficiency. The strategic use of English by females as a tool for empowerment, challenging traditional gender roles is challenging. The study concludes with recommendations for policy reforms, cultural awareness programs, and professional development initiatives to address disparities and foster inclusivity.

Drug Advertisements: Role of Media in Adoption of Drugs among Students

2024-08-02T19:29:09+05:00

Significant scientific evidence exists regarding the role of drug advertisements in media on the desensitization and adoption of drugs among the masses. Primarily, this study aims to investigate the influence of such active and passive drug advertisements on drug inclination and onset patterns among Pakistani students. Twenty participants between the ages of 18 to 26 were selected and asked to share whether they believed drug advertisements have had a conscious or sub-conscious role in their friends’ or own temptations/experimentations with drug substances. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis were used to analyse the responses. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted aimed at exploring participants’ observations and opinions regarding the topic. Thematic analysis was used to analyse this qualitative data. Later, the participants were asked to fill out a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of fourteen items aimed at exploring the same notion quantitatively. The results demonstrate a positive correlation between drug advertisements and students’ drug endeavours. Many end up becoming addicts, which then opens the door for a range of mental health problems which are discussed. An expanded sample obtained via random sampling is recommended to further validate these findings.

The Role of Intellectual Capital in Firm’s Financial Performance in Pakistan

2024-08-02T19:32:02+05:00

The objective is to consider the significant impact of intellectual capital on firm’s financial performance. The data was gathered from the Oil & Gas sector for the period of 10 years (2010-2020). The Panel data regression results were taken in order to examine the empirical relationships. The Fixed Effect (FE) model is to be accepted for the ROE & EPS and the random effect model is to be accepted for ROA. The Intellectual capital (IC) is considered as the unique organizational resource that can help to influence the business performance. However, the ineffective developments of the IC can adversely affect the performance of the business. It is found that human capital efficiency is notably increase the return on assets and earnings per share. The human capital efficiency does not show any relationship with return on equity. The structural capital efficiency put the firm towards better return on assets and return on equity. It is shown in the results that structural capital efficiency insignificantly explains the earnings per share. The relational capital efficiency is significant factor that improve the return on assets of firms. The relational capital efficiency does not show any role in the prediction of return on equity and earnings per share. It is derived from the results that capital employed efficiency significantly enlarge the return on equity of firms. The results have shown no significant relationship of capital employed efficiency with return on assets and earnings per share. The study contributed to the existing studies in strengthening the connection between the IC components and the FP of the business. The study would provide some valued perceptions for the business in order to capitalize the intellectual capital to endure the competitive advantage.

Influence of Teacher and Student Relationship on the Academic Motivation in the Presence of Academic Emotions

2024-08-06T12:00:38+05:00

This study investigated the influence of teacher & student relationship on Pakistani high students’ academic motivation for the science and arts subject and the complementary mediation functions of academic emotions that are both positive and negative on these. Because teacher & student interaction, as an important constituent of the classroom-interface, has been shown to be critical in improving academic motivation of students. The contestants of this study were 412 Pakistani high school students that are available conveniently. This study used many self-reported questionnaires to examine academic emotions, academic motivation, and teacher student relationships. Data were analyzed using structural equation models, which also looked into the direct and indirect effects of the interaction between teachers and students on Pakistani high-school students' academic motivation for the arts and sciences subjects. Hence, the findings of this study suggested that teacher & student relationship had a substantial, positive, & direct influence on Pakistani high-school students’ academic motivation for the science and arts subject. Furthermore, the association between these two variables was also mediated by concurrent good and negative academic emotions. Hence, it can be recommended that to improve generalization, the survey's sample size and regional reach should be expanded in the further study. And more varied data collection methods should be explored in order to increase the impartiality of data resources.

Estimating and Comparing Translation Skills: A Comparative Study of ChatGPT and Human Translation

2024-08-06T16:06:23+05:00

This study explores the exactness of machine translation and finding out the comparison between Generative Pretrained Transformer (chatGpt) that has denoted remarkable development in various projects which are related to language and translation which has done by human being. Intercultural connections have become easy to understand with the emergence of AI tools like chatGpt which is working as a translator for various languages like English, Urdu, Arabic and many more.This study finds the drawbacks and differences of chatGpt translation with human translation. AS a result it designates that chatGpt is less reliable for translation of complexities in languages, it can be used as a translator of simple language but it has less reliability in translation of medical language, language of law and literary works. So, one must be careful as a user of chatGpt while translating such texts and the interference of human being is mandatory to make sure the authenticity of translation. Furthermore, it cannot translate the idiomatic expressions in a refined form. This article is also going to discuss the functions of machine translation and its effect on translation which has already done by human. It selects English and Urdu language for this purpose .English is the target language and source language is Urdu and the researcher uses the qualitative method for this research.

Current Technological Trends Used in Libraries: A Study of Public Sector Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2024-08-08T16:16:11+05:00

The current research focuses on the analysis of the recent technological trends being used in the selected public sector university libraries. A total of ten public sector university libraries have been selected for this study based on their adoption of advanced technologies in these libraries. Questionnaires are the main source of data collection techniques. The collected data has been analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), 20th edition. The research findings indicate that libraries have embraced modern trends, at different levels. Furthermore, some libraries suffer from a shortage of professional and technically proficient staff, to enhance and provide improved library services and resources to their patrons, it is imperative to prioritize recommended actions.

A Qualitative Study on Challenges and Opportunities for Technology Integration in Pedagogy

2024-08-10T10:58:57+05:00

The study examined the effectiveness of technology training for enhancing skills of university teachers and to identify the challenges and opportunities for technology integration in pedagogy. It has never been an easy task for teachers to use technology effectively in pedagogy without receiving technology based professional development opportunities, besides there are several other challenges that hinder teachers to integrate technology in pedagogy. This qualitative study collected data by conducting semi structured interviews from fourteen teaching assistants. The data was analyzed thematically. The study recommends that universities develop policies to provide comprehensive technology training to enhance teachers' skills and ensure the necessary resources are available to promote effective technology integration in teaching and learning. Overall, the findings indicate that while technology training can boost teachers' capabilities, universities must address significant infrastructural and institutional challenges to enable successful technology integration in pedagogy.

Green Beta: Comparison of Green and Non-Green Stocks Based on Downside Risk

2024-08-10T16:22:42+05:00

The study offers an innovative technique for diversifying the downside risk by selecting green stocks for investments. Investors fancy green stocks due to their ability of generating sustainable returns. Pursuing such arguments, this study provides a comparative analysis of green and non-green stocks to measure whether green stocks help investors secure their investments during the downward movement of the market, by applying multivariate regression after collecting the data for stocks listed at AIM over the period of 2012 to 2020. The findings of the study prove that green stocks reduce the downside risk as compared to non-green stocks and compensate investors by providing them sustainable returns for holding the stocks with negative returns. However, non-green stocks also have a strong association with downside risk but have less effect on downside risk than green stocks. The study has strong implications for investors who are searching for new exotic asset classes to reduce the risk and improve the returns, particularly during downward recessions of the market.

Relationship of Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Psychological Adjustment in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease

2024-08-13T16:25:55+05:00

The study's objective was to investigate the connection between psychological adjustment and parental acceptance/rejection in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Literature depicted that there is a significant association of Parental Acceptance-Rejection in children and adolescent psychological adjustment. The Sample of (N=240) from age range of 7 to 18 was taken from different cardiac units, clinics and schools which was consisted of two groups: patient group (n=120) and sibling group (n=120) from same parents, having same gender and same age bracket were taken for this study. Convenient purposive sampling technique was used. The study included children and adolescents with congenital cardiac disease.Short form of child version of Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire PARQ (Rohner, 2015) & Personal Assessment Questionnaire PAQ (Rohner, 2016) Urdu version and Demographic sheet was administered for data collection. The analysis' findings demonstrated a highly substantial correlation between psychological adjustment and parental acceptance or rejection.Parental acceptance is positively correlated with children and adolescents’ emotional instability and emotional responsiveness. Future researchers can take into account longitudinal researches for determining the level of parental-acceptance rejection and psychological adjustment among children to develop coping strategies and interventions for such families.

A Stylistic Analysis of Mohsin’s The End of Innocence

2024-08-20T10:16:45+05:00

This research focuses on the creative use of deviations in the novel The End of Innocence (2006) written by Pakistani novelist Moni Mohsin. The theoretical framework applied to this study is based on the stylistic devices developed by Leech and Short (2007). Their model provides the foundation for analyzing the novel’s linguistic and stylistic features. Stylistics is a branch of applied linguistics that focuses on the critical study, understanding, and interpretation of all types of texts, written or spoken, literary or non-literary, and rhetorical. The study explores the impression a writer produces through tonal and linguistic components. The analysis is delimited to two major types of deviations, lexical and grammatical. The research is qualitative. The present research explores how meanings are created through the interaction of various textual features, especially lexical and grammatical. It is also investigated how the author creates lexical, morphological, idiomatic neologism, and how language has been linked with the native culture of Pakistan. This study enhances the understanding of key issues by analyzing specific aspects, themes, or methodologies, thereby enriching the discourse surrounding Pakistani literary traditions and their global significance. It helps to understand the extent to which novel uses of the English language create a unique stylistic effect. The connection between linguistic structures and socially structured meanings in a literary piece is analyzed to highlight the impact created by the selected Pakistani work. This research brings to light new perspectives of Pakistani literature, providing a fresh framework for future scholars in the field.

Prevalence of Toxic Teaching in High Schools and its Impact on Psycho-Social Well Being, and Academic Progression of Students

2024-08-20T10:19:38+05:00

Toxic teaching is characterized by abusive behavior, harsh criticism,belittlement, and a lack of empathy on part of teachers towards students. This study explored the prevalence of toxic teaching in high schools and its impact on the psycho-social well-being and academic progression of students.This study is helpful for the teachers, Headmaster and District Education Officers in implementing future programme to eradicate toxic teaching practices and to promote effective teaching and learning environment. In view point of students and up to the knowledge of researcher this study has received less attention in Private and Public schools of Pakistan.The findings of our study align with previous research on the harmful effects of toxic teaching on students' learning and well-being. Previous studies (Bhatti et al., 1989) have shown that constant put-downs, mockery, or ignoring students' ideas can seriously damage their confidence and self-esteem. Through a mixed-method approach, data is collected from a diverse sample of high school students. The study assesses the frequency and nature of toxic teaching behaviors reported by students and analyzes their responses and academic outcomes. The findings of this study shed light on the detrimental effects of toxic teaching on students.It is recommended that there is an urgent need for interventions and support systems to create a positive and nurturing learning environment.

International Trade, Economic Development, and Inflation: Panel Data Analysis from South Asian Economies

2024-08-21T22:44:27+05:00

The current study aims to empirically explore the association among these complex issues and tackle the problem of endogeniety for the South Asian economies. The achievement of maximum gains from international trade, accelerated economic development, and price stability are the most ambitious macro-economic goals across the developing world. The study has conducted panel data analysis by applying the Three-Stage Least Square (3SLS) technique for the period 1990–2024. Findings have professed that inflation and economic development positively related with international trade, inflation is negatively associated with economic development, and international trade is positively linked with economic development, economic development and inflation are negatively related, while there is positive association between international trade and inflation. The study has suggested that South Asian authorities should devise such types of policies that focus on accelerating economic growth, removing trade barriers, and condensing inflationary pressure to a moderate level.

School Environment and Academic Performance: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Secondary Schools

2024-08-26T11:31:05+05:00

A school environment is defined as a school having appropriate facilities, well-managed classrooms, available school-based health supports, and a clear, fair disciplinary policy. There are many symbols of the academic, disciplinary, and physical environments of schools with a positive climate.The main purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the school environment on the performance of public and private sector schools at the secondary level. The objectives of the study were to compare the school environment of male-female secondary schools and to compare the school environment of public and private schools. The population of the study was all the male and female secondary school teachers of Khanewal and Multan. For the collection of data, a simple random sampling technique was used. The total sample was 300 male and female school teachers. For the collection of data, a Likert scale-based questionnaire was used as a research tool. For the analysis of data, different statistical techniques were used such as mean, percentage, standard deviation, and chi-square were used. After the analysis of data, it was found that private schools' learning environment has more effects on student’s performance as compared to public schools. It was also found that urban schools' learning environment has more effects on student’s performance as compared to rural schools. This study recommended that teachers should enhance student’s self-belief and also enable students to work autonomously, enjoy learning relationships with others, and feel they are competent to achieve their objectives.

Parliament and Democratization: Issues and Adjustments in Pakistan’s Parliaments (1988-1999)

2024-08-27T10:46:20+05:00

The objective of this research paper is to highlight the fundamental requirement of a robust and efficient parliament in the smooth functioning of any parliamentary system and the performance of Pakistan’s parliament in the distinctive decade of 1988-1999. This decade was democratic in its nature but not in practice and the multiple four democratic regimes in a single decade gave a severe setback to democracy. Analyzing the multiple transitions of different governments helps to understand the conundrum of sustaining democracy in Pakistan. This study employing qualitative approach with analytical method of research to examine how the institution of parliament functioned and evolved during this decade. It is found out that influence of military over politics, redundant use of Article 58-2-B of the constitution by the presidents, limited autonomy and effectiveness of parliament and political rivalries resulted in the fall of this democratic decade and paved the way for another martial law. The study recommends institutionalization of parliament in an effective manner that encourages and enhanced the democratization, thus independence of parliament is mandatory, and there should not be undue interference from the executive branch.

A Glimpse of China-African Union Economic Relations during 21st Century

2024-08-28T21:23:26+05:00

The ever-prospering China-African Union (AU) economic relations are the outcome of their long-term interaction. The dawn of 21st century marked a significant boost in this relationship with the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). Chinese Presidents Hu Jin Tao (2003-2013) and President Xi Jinping (2013- ) preferred to follow a multilateral approach towards African continent and interacted with AU through inter-regional organizations which policy radically transformed the level of Chinese penetration into the continent. The Agenda 2063 of AU has also been designed to maximize the benefits from China’s Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) of 2013. As a consequence of integrated efforts from China and the AU for the economic development of the continent, the collective economy of Africa had reached at a magnificent amount of $3 trillion in 2023. In this scenario, the current study, while reviewing policy documents and available literature, explores the nature of China's enhanced cooperation with Africa through regional and multilateral organizations such as the AU, FOCAC and NEPAD. It elucidates how China and AU had committed and cooperated in pursuit of the mantra 'build an even stronger community with a shared future'. Applying an explanatory and descriptive approach, the study concludes that China's extensive engagement with the AU to promote infrastructure development and connectivity has profoundly impacted African economic growth. Finally, it goes without saying that the analytics, assessments and outcomes of the study would help future researchers, academia and experts working on China’s economic engagements with the AU to rationally understand the impact of these relations.

Identifying the History of Walled City Bazaars of Lahore

2024-08-28T21:26:36+05:00

Commercial activity in the Walled City of Lahore is a major urban morphology determinant. Commercial and residential functions are under one roof traditionally. River Ravi had acted as a trade artery for timber trade in medieval times. Historical record of last two thousand years only is available for Lahore. Trade between east and west greatly benefited the city commercially. Mughals established markets for public benefit like Akbari Mandi. Both primary and secondary data has been used for the study. It is a predominantly qualitative research. Social constructivism is the method employed-using satellite images and interviews with business owners. Bazaars study is a neglected area in research so far. Wholesale and retail go side by side. Mechanization has marred the traditional look and ways of doing business. It is still the most vibrant and industrious part of the city. Traditional goods of Papad Mandi and Bazaar Hakiman go hand in hand with industrial materials like Rexene and plastics. Increase in traffic has effected many businesses e.g. motor workshops of Masti Gate is now a Rim Market. Let not the concrete jungle replace traditional architecture. Tearing down havelis to build plazas is tolerable in modern Lahore. It should be avoided in Walled City at all costs.

Evaluating Financial Inclusion Trends in Pakistan: An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Forecasting and Box-Jenkins Q Test Validation

2024-08-31T15:50:15+05:00

This initiative aims to achieve income equalization within society, thereby fostering economic growth, alleviating poverty, and enhancing the stability of the financial system. Financial inclusion represents a concerted effort to remove both price and non-price barriers that hinder public access to formal financial institutions. To examine this dynamic, the study employs time series data on financial inclusion from 2006 to 2021 for Pakistan, obtained from the World Bank database. Utilizing the Box-Jenkins ARIMA methodology, the study forecasts financial inclusion trends for the period 2022–2030. The study reveals a notable upward trend in financial inclusion, with the financial inclusion index projected to rise from 0.99 in 2021 to 1.61 by 2030. The study recommends prioritizing nationwide financial literacy programs, particularly for marginalized groups, and promoting investment in financial infrastructure and fintech innovations to enhance financial inclusion and drive sustainable economic growth.

Lived Experiences of Shame: An Exploratory Study of Women in Sports

2024-08-31T15:55:22+05:00

This article is intended to explore the potential impact of shame on sportswomen and how the experience of shame reduces their performance and participation. Shame is a complex emotion generated from multiple aspects, i.e., embarrassment, being negatively evaluated by others, and blaming. The experience of shame in sports needs severe consideration and demands immediate solutions. Despite the incredible achievements of women in sports, they still face challenges like stereotypical attitudes, societal expectations, pressure, and gender-based discrimination. The study is based on Phenomenological research design. Shame leads to feelings of failure and ultimately leads sportswomen to give up, along with physical and psychological ills.. The data from in-depth interviews reveals shame and its different types and suggests interventions to cope with it. This article aims to raise considerations and awareness among the sports community to create an empowered and inclusive environment for everyone.

Linking ICT Competency to Enhanced Management Performance among Principals in Federal Government Secondary Schools

2024-09-01T17:34:29+05:00

The use of ICT has become a necessary tool for increasing the performance of the educational management in schools. The aim of this research was to highlight the importance of ICT skills in better management practices of principals. The objectives of research study were to identify the presently used Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills by the Principals in school management and their opinion about the importance of ICT skills for educational managers. Questionnaires were used to collect data from whole principals in Federal Government Secondary schools of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The study found that ICT skills of the principals are important for better performance in their administrative and managerial affairs. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Administration of FDE, FGEIs, should work in collaboration with federal Ministry of Education for the planning and implementation of ICT training programmes for principals to make them self-reliant.

Impact of Modern Technologies on Teachers’ Efficacy at University Level

2024-09-01T18:12:04+05:00

This study aims to investigate the impact of modern technologies on teachers' efficacy at the university level. The researchers used ex-post facto (causal-comparative) survey research design in the current quantitative study to collect data from teachers. The sample comprised male and female university teachers selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data collection was facilitated by a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and a dual-option checklist, validated by experts and pilot-tested for reliability using Cronbach's Alpha. The results revealed that university teachers predominantly employ technologies such as Microsoft Office, laptops, mobile phones, projectors, Zoom applications, Google Meet, WhatsApp, YouTube, Facebook, and email in their teaching activities. Furthermore, it was found that modern technologies significantly impact teachers' efficacy. It is recommended that modern technological devices, applications, and software be made available in all public sector universities to enhance teachers' efficacy.

Exploring the Factors Influencing Individual’s Intention to Adopt Mobile Banking

2024-09-05T16:51:51+05:00

Mobile banking has become progressively vital to society. It is not just a trend but a significant shift in individuals' daily lives in developed and developing countries. We believe that mobile banking in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is at the stage where users understand the potential advantages of pursuing mobile banking technology. Utilizing the TAM (technology acceptance model) and incorporating relevant literature, the focus is on developing nations and the specific context of mobile banking. Implementing mobile banking technology has allowed banks to enhance their operations and ushered in a new era of banking, transforming the industry by capturing customers' attention. The conclusions of this study highlight the importance of customer perceptions and intentions in the successful implementation and growth of mobile banking in Pakistan. By addressing the identified factors and strategically enhancing their mobile banking offerings, banks can significantly increase customer adoption and satisfaction.

The Effects of Practice Variability on the Acquisition of Bilateral Dart-Throwing Skills

2024-09-08T00:30:28+05:00

The study compared random versus blocked practice schedules in learning bilateral dart-throwing skills from three different distances (290 cm, 350 cm, and 410 cm). One hundred eight healthy non-athletes (12-18-year-old male students) volunteered for the study. The participants were split into six groups (n=18 in each group. Two groups had blocked practice with the dominant and non-dominant hand, two groups had random practice with the same, and two control groups with the dominant and non-dominant hand. First day: 81 acquisition trials (3 blocks, 27 trials in each block) were given to the participants. A 24-hour retention test consisted of 27 trials (03 blocks, nine in each block) in serial order. After an hour of retention, 18 trials (2 blocks, 09 trials each) are completed from unique distances (250 cm, 430cm). Results indicated that blocked practice with the dominant hand differs from other groups in skill development and retention. According to the results, random practice is superior to blocked practice and thus recommended for bilateral learning for dart-throwing.

Impact of Need for Achievement and Resilience on Suicidal Ideation and Psychological Well-being among Pakistani Sports Players

2024-09-10T09:21:21+05:00

This research examined the relationship between Suicidal Ideation as well as Psychological Well-Being (self-acceptance, good relationships, autonomy, environmental mastery, personal development, and purpose in life), and Need for Achievement as well as Resilience. Even if machines are making people's lives simpler in this day of technological innovation, they also have a detrimental effect on people's physical and emotional well-being. The data was collected from sports players registered with different sports clubs. For this purpose Urdu translated scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-being, and Brief Suicidal Ideation scale (BSIS) were used. Data was analyzed by SPSS. The results of the research indicated the association between suicidal thoughts and psychological well-being (outcome) and Need for Achievement (predictor) has been adversely attenuated by resilience. It is recommended that future researchers conduct longitudinal or mixed-design studies that combine qualitative and quantitative research designs, given the correlational nature of this study

Madness Redefined: Political Resistance in Fakhar Zaman’s Bandiwan/The Prisoner

2024-09-11T10:56:17+05:00

The objective of the research is to explore the character of Z in Fakhar Zaman’s novel Bandiwan/The Prisoner, reinterpreting madness as a potent form of political resistance rather than a mere psychological breakdown. Z’s actions, traditionally dismissed as madness, are reframed within the narrative as radical expressions of dissent against political oppression. By rejecting conformity and embracing an unconventional approach, Z embodies a defiance that challenges both societal and political norms. The analysis offers a nuanced understanding of how madness in this context transcends personal turmoil, becoming a powerful mode of resistance in response to the authoritarian regime. The study also engages with broader socio-political themes, questioning traditional interpretations of sanity and rationality within oppressive structures. By positioning madness as a form of agency rather than helplessness, this paper redefines it as an empowering force for those subjugated by authoritarianism, ultimately contributing to discussions on the intersection of mental health, politics, and resistance in literature.

Association of Substance Abuse and Psychiatric Symptoms among Elementary School Children in Punjab, Pakistan

2024-09-14T01:01:36+05:00

The present study focuses on Association of substance abuse and psychiatric symptoms among elementary school children in Punjab, Pakistan. To investigate an association of sex with substance use and psychiatric symptoms among elementary school children. This study uses a cross-sectional design using elementary school students in Punjab as its methodological base. To examine substance use patterns, psychiatric symptoms, and related risk and protective factors, data gathering techniques include structured interviews and standardized exams. Data of 301 children was collected from Punjab, Pakistan rated by parents and guardians using in-person and e-forms. Simultaneously, mental health issues like anxiety, sadness, and behavioral disorders are becoming more widely acknowledged in this population. Hence results established were reliable and valid. According to the data, there is a significant relationship between having mental health symptoms and being more likely to take substances However, there should be test retest reliability established for group assessments specifically for any new developed domain or that has not been previously tested in psychiatric populations.

Association of Father’s Involvement and Absence with Adolescent’s Disruptive Behavior

2024-09-14T01:04:58+05:00

This study aims to scientifically examine the link between father's involvement or absence and disruptive behavior in adolescents. The role of fathers is crucial in shaping an adolescent's personality. Fathers are not only providers but also play a protective role, helping shield their children from psychological and cultural challenges. A total (N=500) sample of ages 12-19 years (M=16.9540, SD=1.8694) from Buner Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan was recruited. Result indicates positive correlation of father’s absence with extremism and violence (R= .606) and negative correlation of father’s involvement with extremism and violence (R= -.603). The ‘t’ statistics also verified the results and proved that father’s not living adolescents have high risk level for extremism and violence as compared to father’s involved adolescents (N=500, t (498) = -3.328, p < .000***). Findings from this study will contribute to provide an in-depth knowledge in the family research area and will support government authorities in making policies for controlling crimes.

Textile Dyeing and Printing Heritage in Pakistan: A Study of Khadi and Traditional Fabrics

2024-09-15T01:07:14+05:00

Pakistan is a country with rich traditions emerging from various faiths which are reflected in the expression of regional folk arts. Pakistan lies in an area where not only earlier known human civilizations flourished but it also witnessed continued march of vanguards of various civilizations from central Asia and Near East. The rich heritage of Pakistan’s art and craft has evolved over an extended period of 5000 years. In this duration Pakistan became the crossroad of many splendid cultures and enriched the world with an amazing variety of cultural, religious, linguistic, and artistic expressions. This intermingling of cultures surprisingly influenced all kinds of arts and crafts, including textile arts. Due to diversified talents, interests and inspiration, different regions have their special identity for unique folk textile crafts. In this land, the traditional textile artisans of the Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochis tan and Kashmir have been pursuing their skills, as they have done for generations. Admitting diverse art heritage of distinctive regions of Pakistan, this paper overviews some historic traditional textiles nurtured here. Design is the backbone of graphic art, design that is a part of art actually a part of our life and personality and influences the enjoyment of everything to do and of everything to select. Textile designs developed from three sources the quality of the fabric the size and type of yarn and the way they are combined if more than one is used..The aim of this paper is to trace the history of textile designing and printing with special reference to khadi. It also explores the challenges of Pakistan’s textile industry which has given recommendations to developing it for the progress of industrialization in Pakistan.

Techniques of Explainable Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Digital Mental Health Intervention

2024-09-15T21:22:44+05:00

The objective of this study is to examine the use of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) for gathering and analyzing health-related data in medical services applications, particularly in predicting outcomes in mental health care. Artificial Intelligence (Al) is increasingly utilized in medical services and wearable technologies, such as Fitbits. Strategies in the field of explainable Al (XAI) aim to clarify the predictions made by Al systems, enhancing their application in health-related contexts. Data was collected from 970 individuals, incorporating clinical and sociodemographic information. The analysis focused on factors such as self-reported motivation, the type of reference (self vs. healthcare provider), and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire. Additionally, pre-treatment scores from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and General Anxiety Disorder Screener-7 were evaluated. The study identified that self-reported motivation and the specified reference type significantly contributed to predictive outcomes. The irregular forest model achieved an accuracy of 0.71 for the test set, with a base rate of 0.67, an AUC of 0.60, and a p-value of 0.001. Adjusted accuracy was noted at 0.60, indicating a significant ability to predict reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms. To improve the personalization and effectiveness of mental health care, it is essential to advance predictive models that accurately evaluate individual responses to therapeutic interventions.

Middle Eastern Energy Security: A Study of Threats and Countermeasures

2024-09-16T20:41:25+05:00

The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of terrorism and regional conflicts on energy security and propose countermeasures to protect critical infrastructure. Energy security is important to world stability especially the Middle Eastern region that hosts some of the world’s key oil resources. The region has been vulnerable to conflicts, wars and terrorism, which are factors that endanger the infrastructure that supports global supply of energy. The study examine energy security, terrorism and regional conflicts are essential topics, which have been discussed in the literature. It also examines various case studies of previous tragedies and crisis that have targeted energy systems, including oil refineries. There have been a number of supply disruptions which include; acts of terrorism for example the 2006 terrorist attack on an oil processing facility in Saudi Arabia’s Abqaiq, regional instabilities like the Yemen civil war. Such occurrences reveal the weakness in key infrastructure thus acts as a pointer to world economy. It also recommends heightened cooperation among the neighbors; tough security measures; exploitation of resources outside the conventional power generation; and sound structures to be put in place in future to reduce the vulnerabilities.

Role of Supervisory Instructions: Effect on Schools Improvement

2024-09-17T20:38:48+05:00

This research explores the role of principals in enhancing student learning through instructional leadership. The objectives include assessing effective instructional methods, analyzing how principals' guidance impacts student outcomes, and offering recommendations for improvement. Data from 20 teachers via questionnaires indicate that principals' instructional management significantly boosts academic performance through strategies such as effective supervision, a disciplined learning environment, and professional development initiatives. Key practices like providing feedback, recognizing teachers' efforts, and conducting classroom observations play a vital role in improving teaching quality. The study recommends that schools prioritize instructional leadership, enhance teacher development programs, encourage collaboration among staff, and implement feedback systems to drive continuous improvement.

Effectiveness of Water Policy of Pakistan in Enabling Stakeholder Participation

2024-09-19T10:32:02+05:00

This paper studies the level of stakeholder participation in gauging the effectiveness of National Water Policy of Pakistan, 2018. Governance of water resources is dependent upon a proper implementation of the policy and is inherently linked with the stakeholder’s inclusivity. There is a need to assess stakeholders’ involvement in the governance of water sector in Pakistan. This exploratory research paper utilized qualitative approach; data was obtained using open ended interviews across the study population. Key findings of the paper indicate that although the National Water Policy of 2018 emphasizes stakeholder participation, there have not been any efforts to implement this by the authorities in charge. The study also found a distinct lack of awareness on part of the public, which is detrimental to the water sector. Stakeholder participation needs to be ensured by the water institutions. The populace needs to be educated about their role in water governance.

Law on Mental Competency to Contract: An Analysis

2024-09-19T10:34:41+05:00

The objective of this study is to analyze the law on mental competency to contract in Pakistan. The mental competency of the parties making a contract is essential for a valid contract. In Pakistan, the Contract Act of 1872 is the exclusive statute which deals with the contracts. The legal doctrinal analysis method was adopted to analyze the law on mental competency to contract in Pakistan. The mental competency to contract is determined based on the mental capacities of the parties to contract when making the contract. A contract with a mentally disabled person is void. The medical opinion in the form of a mental health evaluation is sine qua non to determine the mental competency of the parties to the contract. Sections 11 and 12 of the Contract Act of 1872 must be amended in the light of modern development in the fields of mental health and behavioral science.