Key Determinants and Challenges of Sustainability in Cities of Punjab, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2025(6-I)41Keywords:
Urban Sustainability, Socio-Eco Determinants, Environment Sustainability, Punjab, PakistanAbstract
Cities’ sustainability is a multifaceted challenge influenced by environmental, economic, infrastructural, and social factors. This study applies regression analysis to assess key sustainability determinants across six major cities in Punjab, Pakistan—Bahawalpur, Faisalabad, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Multan, and Sargodha. The results indicate that pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, O3), water scarcity, and high crime rates hinder sustainability, while industrial expansion, infrastructure, and cultural institutions enhance resilience. Population and economic instability growth further complicate sustainability, proving that economic expansion alone is inadequate. Contrarily, pollution, water wastage, and rainfall variability cause major threat signifying the need for climate adaptation. Moreover, soaring crime rate in Bahawalpur and Sargodha weakens resilience, highlighting the crucial role of governance and law enforcement. Since sustainability is a context-specific concept, a one-size-fits-all approach is ineffective. This study suggests effective environmental policies, rigorous implementation of climate strategies, upgrading infrastructure, and enhancing security measures. A cross-functional approach constituting economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social well-being is essential for long-term resilience in Punjab’s cities.
Downloads
Published
Details
-
Abstract Views: 48
PDF Downloads: 21
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Development and Social Sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
ORIENTS SOCIAL RESEARCH CONSULTANCY (OSRC) & Journal of Development and Social Sciences (JDSS) adheres to Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. The authors submitting and publishing in JDSS agree to the copyright policy under creative common license 4.0 (Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International license). Under this license, the authors published in JDSS retain the copyright including publishing rights of their scholarly work and agree to let others remix, tweak, and build upon their work non-commercially. All other authors using the content of JDSS are required to cite author(s) and publisher in their work. Therefore, ORIENTS SOCIAL RESEARCH CONSULTANCY (OSRC) & Journal of Development and Social Sciences (JDSS) follow an Open Access Policy for copyright and licensing.