Socio- Psychological Challenges Faced by the Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rawalpindi and Islamabad

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder is a chronic neurodevelopmental disease in children characterized by significant impairments in communication, social interaction, cognitive function, and sensory processing. These deficiencies substantially affect their daily lives, resulting in difficulties for their parents. Research on the socio-psychological issues faced by Pakistani parents of children with ASD is limited. This study aims to document the socio-psychological difficulties of parents with autistic children to enhance awareness, provide insights, and offer feedback to healthcare professionals and other members of society. This study was quantitative in nature. A cross sectional survey was conducted in the federal capital area of Islamabad and the district of Rawalpindi. The researchers approached parents of autistic children at various autism rehabilitation centers and hospitals located in the Twin Cities. A total of 201 fathers or mothers participated in this study. Findings indicate that parents suffered from stress and disruptions in family life. Their children with ASD also experienced discrimination in their familial and communal lives. Most parents felt ashamed when they diagnosed their child as autistic. This is due to the societal stigma associated with autism. Based on these findings, this study recommends to conduct public awareness campaigns and establish formal support networks to enhance parental empowerment by easing their socio-psychological challenges.