Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies in Balochistan Focusing on Water Scarcity Agricultural Fragility and Extreme Heat

Abstract

This review assesses Balochistan's vulnerability to climate change, focusing on challenges such as extreme heat, water scarcity, and agricultural fragility. It emphasizes the need for targeted climate adaptation strategies tailored to local conditions. Balochistan, located in southwestern Pakistan, is highly vulnerable to climate change, experiencing extreme heatwaves, erratic rainfall, and severe water scarcity. The province's challenges are compounded by its geographical isolation, underdeveloped infrastructure, and minimal government presence. The review examines current adaptation strategies, including water management, agricultural resilience, disaster preparedness, and ecosystem-based adaptation. It integrates traditional practices and modern solutions, like rainwater harvesting, drought-resistant crops, and early warning systems, to address climate vulnerabilities. Balochistan’s challenges, including groundwater depletion, agricultural fragility, and coastal vulnerabilities, require urgent adaptation. The review highlights the importance of local knowledge, national policies, and international support to enhance resilience. Recommendations include strengthening community-led initiatives and fostering collaboration between local, national, and international stakeholders to ensure strategies.