The Prevalence of Schizophrenia and Depression among Male Cannabis Users: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Abstract

This study examines the prevalence of depression and schizophrenia among male cannabis users in Islamabad, Pakistan. Cannabis use has been linked to various psychiatric disorders. This study hypothesized that longer cannabis use, younger age, and ethnic differences (Punjabi vs. Pashto speakers) are associated with higher rates of depression and schizophrenia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 50 male cannabis users aged 18-60. Demographic data were collected, and psychological assessments were done using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Data were analyzed using SPSS (v13), employing descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and independent sample t-tests. Long-term cannabis use and younger age were associated with higher depression and schizophrenia scores. Significant differences in usage patterns were found between Punjabi and Pashto speakers. Policymakers should develop targeted prevention and treatment programs for cannabis users, focusing on young adults and addressing ethnic variations to reduce psychiatric comorbidities.